Everything about Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules totally explained
Soluble cell adhesion molecules (
sCAMs) are a class of
cell adhesion molecule (CAMs -
cell surface binding
proteins) that may represent important
biomarkers for
inflammatory processes involving activation or damage to cells such as
platelets and the
endothelium.
They include soluble forms of the cell adhesion molecules
ICAM-1,
VCAM-1,
E-selectin and
P-selectin (distinguished as sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-selectin and sP-selectin). The cellular expression of CAMs is difficult to assess clinically, but these soluble forms are present in the circulation and may serve as markers for CAMs.
Research has focused on their role in
cardiovascular (particularly
atherosclerosis),
connective tissue and
neoplastic diseases, where
blood plasma levels may be a marker of the disease severity or
prognosis, and they may be useful in evaluating progress of some treatments.
Many studies have postulated that increased production of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) on the
vascular endothelium (blood vessel lining) plays a role in the development of
arterial plaque, with the suggestion from both
in vitro and
in vivo studies that the CAM production is increased by
dyslipidemia (abnormal
lipid levels in the blood).
Research studies have used sCAMs as biomarkers to measure correlations with nutrients or nutrient levels as significant, or not.
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